Summary
Second Treatise of Government by John Locke is a foundational text in political philosophy that laid the groundwork for modern democratic theory and liberal governance. Written in the late 17th century amidst the turmoil of England’s Glorious Revolution, the treatise articulates Locke’s vision of a just and legitimate government—one that exists by the consent of the governed and is obligated to protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
In this work, Locke challenges the divine right of kings and the idea of absolute monarchy, instead proposing that political authority arises from a social contract among free and equal individuals.
He begins with an analysis of the state of nature—a condition without government—and argues that humans, though free, form governments to safeguard their rights more effectively.
Locke further explores the structure of civil society, the separation of powers, and the right of the people to overthrow a government that becomes tyrannical or violates its trust.
His arguments deeply influenced later revolutionary movements, including the American and French Revolutions, and shaped the writing of key documents like the U.S.
Declaration of Independence.